45 is the new 50: Newport Hospital's guide to colorectal cancer screening

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Dr. Bradford Gray

If you've been paying attention over the last few years, you've probably heard that 45 is the new 50 when it comes to colorectal cancer screening. While a vital message, understanding why is equally important - making campaigns like Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month crucial to reversing a disturbing trend.

With an estimated 153,000 new cases in 2023, colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States, and with nearly 53,000 deaths, it's also a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While overall cases have steadily declined over the years - thanks in large part to routine screening - the number of people under the age of 50 who are being diagnosed with, and dying from the disease, is rising at an alarming rate. That is why in 2021, health officials lowered the recommended screening age to 45.

Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer occurs in the final portion of the digestive system, either in the large intestine (AKA colon), or the rectum. Typically, it develops from the growth of abnormal cells, which then form a tumor. If left untreated, it can spread to other organs of the body. Unfortunately, colorectal cancer often remains undetected until it has progressed to an advanced stage, at which time it is more difficult to treat.

Screening guidelines

There is good news. Early detection can improve the chances of survival and prevent the cancer from spreading. Even better, routine screening and the removal of pre-cancerous polyps can prevent cancer from forming altogether.

Screening should begin at 45 for those at average risk and earlier for those with a family history of the disease. People who are Black, Latino or Native American are also at a greater risk of developing colorectal cancer and may also want to get screened earlier. Screening options include a colonoscopy, a fecal immunochemical test (FIT), or a stool DNA test. These tests are designed to identify any abnormalities early before they can progress to cancer.

Associated risk factors of colorectal cancer

In addition to family history and ethnicity, other factors that can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer include obesity, physical inactivity, smoking and a diet high in red or processed meat. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is one of the main ways to prevent colon cancer.

This includes regular exercise; eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables; and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake.

Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer

It bears repeating that colorectal cancer may not cause any symptoms in its early stages. However, as it advances, signs and symptoms may include:

● Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or alternating bowel movements

● Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool

● Abdominal pain or cramping

● Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, nausea or vomiting.

If you experience any of these symptoms, don't wait to seek medical attention. More importantly, don't wait for symptoms to develop. Get screened for colorectal cancer starting at age 45. It may just save your life! To schedule a colonoscopy, you can ask your primary care physician or contact our offices directly where we have appointments readily available right here in Newport.

Dr. Bradford Gray is a board-certified general surgeon at Newport Hospital. Health Matters appears monthly in The Newport Daily News and on newportri.com.